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标记理论诞生于20世纪30年代,具体表现为范畴内部存在的非对称现象导致有标记项与无标记项的对立。标记理论对语言学研究产生了巨大的影响,尤其是在社会性别语言学领域,非对称现象具有丰富的表现形式,也具有独特的研究价值。本文以莱昂斯提出的三种标记模式为基础,分别从形式标记、语义标记和分布标记等角度分析俄语性别词汇的非对称类型,说明语言的不对称正是社会地位不平等的反映。
Markedness theory was born in the 1930s, the specific manifestation of the existence of non-symmetrical phenomenon within the category led to the existence of marked items and no marked opposition. The mark theory has great influence on the study of linguistics. Especially in the field of gender linguistics, the phenomenon of asymmetry has rich manifestation and unique research value. Based on the three labeling modes proposed by Lyons, this paper analyzes the asymmetrical types of gender words in Russian from the perspectives of formal marking, semantic marking and distribution marking respectively. It shows that the asymmetry of language is the reflection of social inequality.