1 引言地震是由构造应力引起的在地壳和地幔中的一种突然的破裂过程。为了解地震的物理学,确定在地震发生前、发生时及发生后各个阶段应力状态是非常重要的。在最近的几十年里,在地震学方面取得了重大进展,地震断层带附近应力状态的细节也变得越来越清楚。然而,应力状态一般来说是由在复杂结构传播的地震波间接地推算而来。由此确定的应力参数依赖于 1 Introduction Earthquakes are a sudden rupture in the crust and mantle caused by tectonic stress. To understand the physics of earthquakes, it is important to determine the state of stress before, during, and after an earthquake. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in seismology, and the details of the stress state near the seismic fault zone have become clearer. However, stress conditions are generally extrapolated indirectly from seismic waves propagating in complex structures. The stress parameters thus determined depend on