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目的:探讨短道速度滑冰运动员下肢肌力特征以及与500 m成绩的回归分析,增强训练的优化性和对项目规律的认识。方法:运用ISOMED 2000多关节等速测力系统对我国10名女子短道速度滑冰国家队队员膝、踝关节肌肉力量进行测试。结果:1)相对峰力矩和总功指标角随速度增加而下降,各速度间呈显著性差异;而膝、踝关节屈伸比指标低于国际和国内标准;运动员的膝关节爆发能力较好,踝关节在高速度下表现不足。2)左右腿同名肌群除膝关节屈伸比、踝关节平均功率两项指标,均呈显著性差异(p<0.05),多个指标超过10%的推荐值膝关节差值在4.5%~12.9%之间,踝关节差值在5.5%~14.5%之间。3)膝伸肌群峰力矩角度(240°/s)、膝屈肌群相对峰力矩(240°/s)和膝伸肌群平均功率(180°/s)3组指标进入与500 m成绩的逐步回归方程,相关系数为0.94,决定系数为0.90,方差检验p<0.05,方程有效。结论:优秀女子短道运动员下肢膝、踝关节屈伸力量符合生物力学特征,对于短道速度滑冰项目高速度区比低速度区的力量能力更重要,膝关节肌群相对踝关节在500 m项目中起到更大作用,短道运动员的膝、踝屈伸肌群比例较低,或具有项目特点,与技术相关的力量指标与成绩的相关性更高,训练中应加强两腿同名肌群力量的平衡性,减少由于肌群不平衡所引起的伤病和技术缺陷。
Objective: To explore the muscle strength characteristics of lower limbs of short track speed skaters and the regression analysis with 500 m scores, to enhance the optimization of training and understanding of the project rules. Methods: The ISOMED 2000 multi-joint constant velocity force measurement system was used to test the knee and ankle muscle strength of 10 female short track speed skating national team members in China. Results: 1) The relative peak moment and total work target angle decreased with the increase of velocity, and there was a significant difference between the velocities; knee and ankle flexion-extension ratio indexes were lower than the international and domestic standards; The ankle does not perform well at high speed. 2) There were significant differences (P <0.05) between the same name muscle group of left and right leg except knee flexion and extension ratio and mean ankle power (p <0.05). The recommended knee joint difference of more than 10% for multiple indexes ranged from 4.5% to 12.9 %, Between the ankle difference of 5.5% to 14.5%. 3) The peak torque of knee extensor (240 ° / s), the relative peak torque of knee flexor (240 ° / s) and the average power of knee extensor (180 ° / s) Stepwise regression equation with correlation coefficient of 0.94, coefficient of determination of 0.90, variance test p <0.05, the equation is valid. CONCLUSION: The flexion and extension strength of lower extremity knee and ankle joint of elite female short track athletes accord with the biomechanical characteristics. It is more important for the short speed skating event than the low speed zone in the high-speed skating event. In the 500 m project, Played a greater role, short athletes knees, lower ankle flexor and extensor muscle groups, or have the characteristics of the project, and technology-related strength indicators and score more relevant to the training should strengthen the muscle strength of the same name with two legs Balance, reduce injuries due to muscle imbalance and technical defects.