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已经肯定烟酒嗜好是食管癌的重要危险因素。据报道在硫化工人、沥青工人以及石油化学工业的工人中，食管癌的危险性增加与职业性接触石棉和各种金属有关。在一系列接触燃烧副产物的工人，如烟囱清扫工人、废物焚烧工人、可燃气工人以及接触柴油机排出废气的汽车修理工人的研究中，调查了死亡率和癌症发病率。在这些人群中食管癌的标准化死亡率范围是１５０—３８６，并且得出合并后的标准化死亡率为２８９（９５％可信限１７４—４５２）。有关吸烟嗜好和饮酒的间接影响所取得的资料表明这种增高不能单独归咎于这些因素。看来职业性接触燃烧产物与食管癌的危险性增加有关。
It has been confirmed that alcohol and tobacco habits are important risk factors for esophageal cancer. It has been reported that the increased risk of esophageal cancer among vulcanized workers, asphalt workers, and workers in the petrochemical industry is related to occupational exposure to asbestos and various metals. The study of mortality and cancer incidence was conducted in a series of studies of workers exposed to combustion by-products, such as chimney sweepers, waste incinerators, flammable gas workers, and car repairers exposed to exhaust gases from diesel engines. The standardized mortality rate for esophageal cancer in these populations ranges from 150-386, and the combined standardized mortality is 289 (95% confidence limit 174-452). Information obtained about the indirect effects of smoking habits and drinking shows that this increase cannot be attributed to these factors alone. It appears that occupational exposure to combustion products is associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer.