【背景材料】1982年,澳大利亚学者巴里·马歇尔和罗宾·沃伦发现了幽门螺杆菌,并证明该细菌会感染胃部并导致胃炎、胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡。这一成果从根本上改变了世人对胃病的认识,大幅度提高了胃病患者获得治愈的几率,为改善人类生活质量作出了贡献,并最终获得了2005年诺贝尔 [Background Materials] In 1982, Australian scholars Barry Marshall and Robin Warren discovered Helicobacter pylori and demonstrated that the bacteria infect the stomach and cause gastritis, gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. This result has fundamentally changed the world’s understanding of stomach diseases, greatly improved the chance of patients with stomach diseases getting cured, contributed to improving the quality of human life, and ultimately won the Nobel Prize in 2005.