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通过7 a田间定位试验,研究了紫色土小麦氮磷钾肥的当季利用率和累积利用率,以及长期不同施肥对肥料养分增产效应的影响.结果表明,NPK处理小麦的氮、磷、钾利用率最高,分别为40.35%,12.94%和21.10%,是最佳施肥配合;非N配合的PK处理小麦对磷肥和钾肥的利用率均较低,即在不施用氮肥的情况下,施用磷肥和钾肥是无效的.同时在不施用磷肥的情况下,NK配施处理其钾肥的当季利用率也很低.氮肥的累积效应中,NPK处理氮肥的累积效应不明显,而NP和NK处理的氮肥利用率累积效应表现为先增加后降低;磷的累积效应中,NPK处理的磷肥的累积利用率有增加的趋势,说明磷肥具有一定的后效,但时间越长磷肥的后效越不明显,PK处理磷肥的累积效应明显,但累积利用率较低,而NP处理的磷肥累积利用率变化较为稳定;钾的累积效应中,NPK处理和NK处理钾肥的累积利用率表现出较为明显的增加趋势,而后3年的增加趋势趋向于稳定.在肥料的增产效应上,1 kg氮、磷、钾肥(N,P2O5,K2O)的平均增产量分别是11.13,8.77和6.75 kg.
Through field experiments in the field of 7 years, the seasonal and cumulative utilization rate of NPK fertilizers and the effects of long-term fertilization on the yield-increasing effects of fertilizers were studied. The results showed that the NPK treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium The highest rates were 40.35%, 12.94% and 21.10%, respectively, which was the best combination of fertilization. The non-N-applied PK treatment wheat had lower utilization rate of P and K, that is, Potassium fertilizer was ineffective at the same time, and the application rate of potassium fertilizer was also low in the non-application of phosphate fertilizer.No cumulative effect of nitrogen fertilizer was not obvious in NPK treatment, while NP and NK treatment The accumulation effect of nitrogen use efficiency firstly increased and then decreased, while in phosphorus accumulation effect, the cumulative utilization efficiency of NPK increased, indicating that the phosphorus fertilizer had a certain aftereffect, but the longer the effect was, the less obvious the aftereffect of the phosphate fertilizer , The cumulative effect of PK treatment of P fertilizer was obvious, but the cumulative utilization rate was lower, while the cumulative utilization efficiency of NP treatment of P fertilizer was relatively stable. The cumulative utilization efficiency of NPK treatment and NK treatment potassium accumulation showed more obvious accumulation effect Plus trend, then 3 years tendency tends to increase stability. Fertilizer effect on yield, 1 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P2O5, K2O) yields are increased by an average of 11.13,8.77 and 6.75 kg.