目的探讨猪大、中动脉及心脏瓣膜内皮细胞的形态学特征,为血管的临床和实验研究积累资料。方法动物在生理压下先后灌注肝素生理盐水和中性福尔马林溶液,取出升主动脉、主动脉弓,主动脉降部等大动脉和主动脉瓣;颈总动脉、胸廓内动脉、冠状动脉及其前后降支等中动脉。标本按照电子显微镜常规处理,扫描电子显微镜下观察其内皮细胞的形态学特征。结果在大、中动脉的直部,内皮细胞呈梭形,核区微隆起,其长轴与血流方向一致。在大动脉弯曲部和主动脉瓣,内皮细胞呈卵圆形,有丰富的微绒毛。在冠状动脉观察到多个白细胞黏附在内皮表面。在右冠状动脉的后室间支,观察到一处细胞正处在更新状态。在胸廓内动脉、颈总动脉和冠状动脉观察到黏附在内皮表面且具有长突起的细胞,其胞体呈圆形、卵圆形、三角形等,突起数量2～6个不等。有的突起有分叉。结论内皮细胞的形态、排列、微绒毛的长度、密度和数量等随部位的不同而有差异,切应力可能是造成这些差异的重要因素之一。 Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of large, medium and heart valve endothelial cells in pigs, and to accumulate data for the clinical and experimental study of blood vessels. Methods The animals were infused with normal saline and normal formalin solution under physiological pressure to remove the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta and other aorta and aortic valves. The common carotid, intrathoracic, coronary and their Before and after descending artery such as middle. Specimens were processed by electron microscopy and observed for morphological features of endothelial cells under a scanning electron microscope. Results In the middle and large arteries, the endothelial cells were spindle-shaped and the nuclei were slightly uplifted. Their long axes were consistent with the direction of blood flow. In the aorta and aortic valve curvature, endothelial cells were oval-shaped, rich in microvilli. Multiple leukocytes were observed to adhere to the endothelial surface in the coronary arteries. In the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery, a cell is observed in a renewal state. In the thoracic artery, common carotid artery and coronary artery adhesion to the endothelial surface and has long protrusions of the cells, the cell body was round, oval, triangular, etc., the number of protrusions ranging from 2 to 6. Some protrusions have bifurcation. Conclusion The morphology and arrangement of endothelial cells, the length, density and number of microvilli vary with site. Shear stress may be one of the important factors that cause these differences.