澳大利亚港口推行商业化经营以来,取得了不少成绩,6年来其营业利润大大增加,价格降低近30％,而负债则减少了一半。这些成绩是在采取了一系列改革措施后才取得的。其目的在将港口工作提高到世界级水平,生产效率要高,收费要低廉,同时还要获得合理的投资回报,吞吐量完成最多。他们将港口性质改变为企业单位:将那些更适宜由私人企业完成的业务发包出去,提高了服务业的竞争水平;合并、减少工种,相应开展工人的多面手培训工作;将港口的社会职能与经营职能区别开来,类似于我们所说的政企分开。实行后,效果明显:1988—1993年期间港务局职工人数减少了47％,海事部门职员减少了62％;五年来港口费率平均下降26％;劳动生产率则提高1倍多。 Since the commercial operation of the Australian ports, a lot of achievements have been made. Its operating profit increased substantially over the past six years, with the price dropping by nearly 30% and the liabilities reduced by half. These results were achieved after a series of reform measures were taken. Its purpose is to raise the port’s work to a world-class level, with high production efficiency and low fees, and at the same time, a reasonable return on investment and the highest throughput to be achieved. They changed the nature of the port into a business unit that outsourced businesses that are more suitable for private sector businesses and increased the competition in the service industry. They merged and reduced the types of jobs and provided workers with extensive hands-on training. The social functions and operations of the port Distinguish functions, similar to what we are talking about separate government and enterprises. After implementation, the effect was obvious: the number of staff of the Port Authority was reduced by 47% from 1988 to 1993, and the number of staff in the maritime sector was reduced by 62%. The port rate dropped by an average of 26% in five years and that of labor productivity more than doubled.