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2002年1月《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》开始实施至今的10年间,我国各大出海河口河海分界与河海管理问题频出,海洋与水行政管理部门各执一词,以致发生执法冲突需地方政府协调解决。经济比较发达的珠江出海口地区情况尤甚。2010年中央决定将山东、浙江、广东列为加快发展海洋经济试点省份,国家海洋局与广东省政府签订了加快发展广东海洋经济的框架协议,国家五年规划(十二五)第一次将海洋经济发展进行专章编制。进入2011年,中央第一次以一号文件形式作出加快我国水利改革发展的决定,国家水利部与广东省政府签订了加快广东水利改革发展的框架协议。这表明,海洋与水利改革发展及行政管理都是事关广东经济社会发展全局的最重要的问题之一。本文依据科学研判,并借鉴美、欧等发达国家的成功做法,对珠江两个主要出海口虎门和崖门提出了新的河海分界及管理建议:分别以狮子洋北端(莲花山港)和银洲湖北端(新会港)为界,沿珠江出海方向,港内为河,港外至水利部《珠江河口管理办法》提出的珠江河口八大口门区界线以内为河口海域,八大口门区界线以外为海。河由水利部门管理,海由海洋部门管理,河口海域由海洋部门和水利部门依法协调管理。
In January 2002, the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of the Use of the Sea Area” began to be implemented so far in the past 10 years. The boundary between rivers and sea and the problem of river and sea management in major estuaries in the country were frequent. Both the maritime and water administration departments took the lead in enforcing the law Conflicts need to be coordinated by local governments. The economy is more developed in the Pearl River estuary especially in the area. In 2010, the central government decided to include Shandong, Zhejiang and Guangdong as pilot provinces for accelerating the development of the marine economy. SOA and the Guangdong Provincial Government signed a framework agreement to speed up the development of Guangdong’s marine economy. The first five-year plan (12th Five-Year Plan) Marine economy development special chapter preparation. In 2011, the Central Government made the first decision on accelerating the development of China’s water conservancy in the form of No.1 document. The Ministry of Water Resources signed a framework agreement with the Guangdong Provincial Government to speed up the reform and development of Guangdong’s water conservancy. This shows that the reform and development of ocean and water conservancy and administration are all the most important issues concerning the overall economic and social development of Guangdong. Based on the scientific research and judging from the successful practices of the developed countries such as the United States and Europe, the paper proposes a new boundary between the Humen and Yamen in the two major estuarine ports of the Pearl River and their management suggestions. Taking the northern end of the Lions Sea (Lotus Hill Port) Yinzhou Hubei side (Xinhui Port) as the boundary, along the direction of the Pearl River to the sea, the harbor for the river, outside the port to the Ministry of Water Resources “Pearl River Estuary Management Measures” proposed boundary of the Pearl River estuary Babuomen area for estuaries, Boundary outside the sea. The river is managed by the water resources department and the sea is managed by the marine sector. The estuarine and maritime areas are coordinated and managed by the marine and water resources departments according to law.