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科学的发现和技术的发明历来是人类社会经济发展 的动力。自上世纪40年代起,以美国曼哈顿 计划等为标志,各国竞相根据经济社会发展的需求, 有选择有目标有要求(包括人力物力的投入)地制定 和实施各种综合或单项科技规划和计划,使科技研发 活动从纯“自由选题”到以计划规划为主导的时代。 随着国际多极化和经济全球化以及科技进步日新月异, 不论是发达国家或发展中国家,都把其科技规划的战 略选择置于提高科技竞争力和综合经济实力,保持可 持续发展和国家安全的国策之上。
The discovery of science and the invention of technology have always been the motive force for the economic development of human society. Since the 1940s, with the Manhattan plan of the United States as the symbol, various countries have been vying for the formulation and implementation of various comprehensive or individual science and technology plans and plans based on the needs of economic and social development with the goal and requirements (including manpower and material resources input) , So that science and technology research and development activities from pure “free choice ” to the planning and planning for the leading era. With the international multipolarization and economic globalization and the rapid progress in science and technology, both developed and developing countries place their strategic choice of science and technology planning for enhancing scientific and technological competitiveness and overall economic strength and for maintaining sustainable development and national security On the national policy.