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目的了解宁夏回族自治区儿童青少年的血压现状及高血压检出情况,为防控儿童青少年高血压提供科学依据。方法根据“2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告”的方法进行现场问卷调查和体格测量。对2014年宁夏中小学生体质与健康调研资料中11 132名7~17岁学生的血压指标进行分析。结果学生平均收缩压(SBP)为(106.64±12.27)mm Hg,舒张压(DBP)为(69.26±9.07)mm Hg。男生SBP水平[(108.00±13.00)mm Hg]高于女生[(105.29±11.34)mmHg],回族学生SBP[(107.73±12.13)mm Hg]、DBP[(69.54±9.02)mm Hg]水平均高于汉族[(105.79±12.31)(69.04±9.10)mm Hg];乡村儿童青少年SBP[(106.31±11.87)mm Hg]低于城市[(106.99±12.67)mm Hg](t值分别为11.751,-8.307,-2.846,2.932,P值均<0.01)。共发现高血压1 564例,检出率为14.0%,以17岁年龄组最高(18.0%);高值血压检出1 637例,检出率为14.7%,以13岁年龄组最高(23.4%)。汉族学生高血压检出率(12.9%)低于回族学生(15.5%)(χ2=14.604,P<0.01);不同性别和城乡学生高血压检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论宁夏回族自治区7~17岁儿童青少年的高血压检出率处于较高水平。应高度重视监测儿童青少年的血压,以有效防控儿童青少年高血压的发生。
Objective To understand the blood pressure status and the detection of hypertension in children and adolescents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of hypertension in children and adolescents. Methods Based on the “2010 China Student Physique and Health Research Report” method to conduct on-site questionnaires and physical measurements. The blood pressure indexes of 11 132 students from 7 to 17 years old in 2014 survey of physical and health of primary and secondary school students in Ningxia were analyzed. Results The average SBP was (106.64 ± 12.27) mm Hg and the DBP was (69.26 ± 9.07) mm Hg. The level of SBP in male students [(108.00 ± 13.00) mm Hg] was higher than that in girls [(105.29 ± 11.34) mmHg), SBP (107.73 ± 12.13) mm Hg and DBP (69.54 ± 9.02 mmHg) In the Han nationality, the SBP of rural children and adolescents (106.31 ± 11.87 mm Hg) was lower than that of the city (106.99 ± 12.67 mm Hg) (t = 11.751, 8.307, -2.846, 2.932, P <0.01). A total of 1 564 cases of hypertension were detected, with a detection rate of 14.0%, highest in the 17-year-old group (18.0%); high-value blood pressure was detected in 1 637 cases, with a detection rate of 14.7% and highest in the 13-year-old group %). The detection rate of hypertension was lower in Han students (12.9%) than that in Hui students (χ2 = 14.604, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension between different sexes and urban and rural areas (P> 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in adolescents aged 7-17 years in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is at a high level. Should attach great importance to monitoring the blood pressure of children and adolescents in order to effectively prevent and control hypertension in children and adolescents.