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目的:通过查找不同姿势自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员落地的生物力学特征,为减少损伤以及提高落地稳定性提供依据。方法:运用生物力学研究方法,对8名国家队男子运动员的正常姿势和全脚掌姿势落地动作进行对比分析。结果:正常姿势落地人体重心向前后、左右方向移动的幅度和移动速度均较大;在峰值力出现时,矢状面内在髋、膝、踝关节处的变化幅度均大于全脚掌落地;正常落地足部最大冲击载荷在足前区内侧,全脚掌落地足底最大载荷在足后区。结论:正常姿势落地缓冲效果较好,全脚掌姿势落地稳定性较好。自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员在落地时,可采用主动屈髋、屈膝、伸踝的动作来达到降低损伤的效果。运动员可采用身体前移的技术,达到压力中心前移的效果,最终达到提高落地稳定性的目的。应加强下肢髋、膝、踝关节的快速伸肌群离心训练,提高专项肌肉控制能力。
OBJECTIVE: To find out the biomechanical characteristics of freestyle skiing aerial tricks athletes in different postures to provide evidences for reducing the damage and improving the stability of landing. Methods: Biomechanics research methods were used to compare and analyze the normal posture and posture of the foot of eight national men’s athletes. Results: In the normal posture, the center of gravity of body moved forward and backward, and the amplitude and speed of movement in both left and right direction were larger. When the peak force appeared, the change range of the sagittal plane in the hip, knee and ankle joint was greater than that in the whole foot. Foot maximum impact load in the foot before the area, the foot soles of the foot landing the maximum load in the foot area. Conclusion: The normal posture floor cushioning effect is better, full foot posture landing stability is better. Freestyle skiing aerial skill athletes landing on the ground, you can take the initiative to hip, knees, stretch ankle movements to achieve the effect of reducing the damage. Athletes can use the body forward technology to achieve the effect of pressure center forward, and ultimately achieve the purpose of improving the stability of landing. Should strengthen the lower extremity hips, knees, ankle rapid extensor group training to improve the special muscle control.