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目的:调查我国12~18岁中学生超重和肥胖的流行情况及其特征。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样,调查评估8999名中学生。使用“中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖体质量指数筛查分类标准”筛查超重和肥胖,并计算其检出率及其分布特征。结果:我国中学生超重肥胖的总检出率分别为8.4%和4.1%,显著低于2000年该群体的超重肥胖检出率;男生和女生超重肥胖的检出率分别为12.0%、5.7%和4.6%、2.3%,男生显著高于女生(χ2=240.68,P<0.01);与2000年相比,年龄介于13-17周岁的青少年超重和肥胖检出率显著下降(χ2=10.51~16.56,Ps<0.01);独生子女组的超重肥胖检出率显著高于非独生子女(χ2=40.25,P<0.01);学校层面的主观社会经济地位低分组的学生超重和肥胖的检出率显著高于高分组(χ2=21.61,P<0.01)。结论:性别、年龄、独生子女与否以及学校层面的主观社会经济地位都是青少年超重和肥胖的相关因素。应该根据我国青少年超重肥胖的发生特点制定具有针对性的行动策略,最终有效防控青少年超重和肥胖。
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity among middle school students aged 12 to 18 in our country. Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling was used to investigate and evaluate 8999 middle school students. Using the “Chinese children and adolescents overweight, obesity body mass index screening classification criteria” screening for overweight and obesity, and calculate the detection rate and its distribution characteristics. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among middle school students in China was 8.4% and 4.1%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of the group in 2000. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls were 12.0% and 5.7%, respectively (Χ2 = 10.51-16.56, P <0.01). Compared with 2000, the detection rate of overweight and obesity in adolescents aged 13-17 years decreased significantly (χ2 = 10.51-16.56 , Ps <0.01). The detection rate of overweight and obesity in the only child group was significantly higher than that of the non-only child (χ2 = 40.25, P <0.01). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the subjective socioeconomic status group at school was significantly higher Higher than the high score group (χ2 = 21.61, P <0.01). Conclusion: Sex, age, only child or not, and the subjective socio-economic status at the school level are all factors that contribute to overweight and obesity in adolescents. Targeted strategies should be formulated based on the characteristics of overweight and obesity among young people in our country so as to effectively prevent overweight and obesity among young people.