月经初潮平均年龄作为反映儿童性发育水平的指标已广泛应用于青春期发育研究中。月经初潮年龄调查方法有三种:前瞻性调查法、回顾性调查法及现状调查法。前瞻性调查所得资料可靠,是调查对象的实际初潮发生平均年龄。同一人群回顾性调查法与现状调查法所得初潮均龄间存在着较大的差异,一般认为现状调查所得结果比较可靠,而回顾调查则误差较大。有一些报告试图比较这两种方法的可靠性,但由于缺乏进行比较的客观基础,因而,实际上不 The average age of menarche as a reflection of the level of children’s development indicators have been widely used in adolescent development studies. There are three methods for investigating the age of menarche: prospective investigation, retrospective investigation and investigation of the status quo. The data obtained from prospective surveys are reliable and represent the average age at onset of the actual menarche of the respondent. There is a big difference between the average ages of menarche and retrospective investigation in the same population. It is generally believed that the results of the status quo survey are more reliable, while the retrospective survey is more error-prone. There are reports that attempt to compare the reliability of these two approaches but, because of the lack of an objective basis for comparison, they are not