美国芝加哥效外的霍桑工厂，是一个制造电话交换机的工厂，具有较完美的娱乐设施、医疗制度和养老制度等，但工人们仍愤愤不平，生产状况也很不理想。为探究原因，１９２４年１１月，美国国家研究委员会组织了一个由心理学家参加的研究小组，在该厂开展一系列试验研究。这一系 The Hawthorne factory in Chicago, outside the United States, is a factory that makes telephone exchanges with perfect facilities for entertainment, medical care and retirement but the workers are still indignant and their production is not satisfactory. To explore the reasons, in November 1924, the National Research Council of the United States organized a research group of psychologists to conduct a series of pilot studies at the plant. This department