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本文试从广义冻害出发,提出了小麦冻伤的概念,并对冻伤及其分级标准问题进行了探讨。根据麦苗受冻与否的形态特征,将麦苗越冬鉴定分为:无冻害,轻冻伤,重冻伤,冻死四级。提出了分级标准,分别用O、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ表示,进而便于分类,统计,数理分析,利于监测。提出麦苗冻伤是有害的。防御麦苗冻死,首先要防御麦苗冻伤。有冻害的年份和地区,在麦苗群体中,存在着冻伤的过渡类型;在严重冻害区和非冻害区域之间,存在着冻伤的过渡地带,此间麦苗会有较多的冻伤现象。早春,加强麦田管理,能促使一部分冻伤的麦苗恢复生机,而不良的农艺措施和恶劣的气象因素能加剧冻伤和死亡。
Based on the generalized frost damage, this paper proposed the concept of wheat frostbite, and discussed the problems of frostbite and its grading standards. According to the morphological characteristics of wheat germ frozen or not, the winter wheat germination identification is divided into: no frost damage, light frostbite, heavy frostbite, freeze dead four. Proposed classification criteria, respectively, O, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, said, and then facilitate the classification, statistics, mathematical analysis, which is conducive to monitoring. Proposed wheat frostbite is harmful. Defensive wheat germ freeze, first of all to defensive wheat frostbite. In the frostbite years and regions, there is a transition type of frostbite in the wheat seedling population. There is a frostbite transitional zone between the severe frostbite area and the non-frostbite area, and there is more frostbite in the wheat fronds. In early spring, stepping up the management of wheat fields can promote the frostbite of some wheat seedlings, while poor agronomic practices and bad weather can aggravate frostbite and death.