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沿海地区是陆海统筹发展的区域载体,基于沿海省市的陆海复合系统进行陆海统筹发展的区域评估对海洋强国建设的理论与实践具有重要意义。论文以陆海复合经济地域系统为前提,将沿海城市形成的区域作为沿海地带,基于各沿海城市的集合作为省级沿海地带进行比较分析,建立包括经济、社会、生态以及环境4个维度指标体系,在考虑“非期望”产出的情况下运用Global-Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数测算沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平并进行区域差异分析。结果表明:第一,总体上,沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平全要素生产增长率大多处于无效率状态,且不考虑非期望产出明显高估了全要素生产增长率的增长;时间上,陆域、海洋以及陆海综合GML指数的变动趋于一致,呈平稳的态势;效率分解,陆海统筹发展水平全要素生产率下降明显是由规模效率变动和技术规模变动的下降所影响。第二,沿海地带正经历从“重陆轻海”到逐步实现陆海统筹发展的过程;对沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平空间差异进行分类,浙江、福建及河北属于陆域效率驱动型,环渤海地区(除河北外)、江苏、广西和海南属于海洋效率驱动型,上海和广东属于陆海效率复合型;区域差异形成的原因主要有产业结构差异、海洋产业技术门槛、海洋资源承载力以及政府政策。
Coastal areas are the regional carriers for the coordinated development of land and sea. The regional assessment based on coastal and marine composite systems in coastal provinces and municipalities for overall land and sea development is of great significance to the theory and practice of building ocean superpower. Based on the land-sea compound economic regional system, the paper takes the coastal cities as the coastal zone and makes a comparative analysis based on the collection of the coastal cities as the provincial coastal zone. The index system includes economic, social, ecological and environmental dimensions , Using the Global-Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) index to account for the coastal and marine integrated development in the coastal zone, taking into account the “non-expected” output, and conducting regional difference analysis. The results show that: first, in general, the total factor production growth rate of coastal and marine integrated development is mostly in an inefficient state, and the non-expected output obviously overestimates the growth of total factor production growth. In time, The changes of the integrated GML index of land, sea and land and sea tend to be in line with each other, showing a steady trend. The factorization of efficiency, the declining total factor productivity of integrated land and sea development are obviously affected by the decrease of scale efficiency and the change of technology scale. Second, the coastal zones are experiencing a shift from “heavy land and light sea” to the progressive realization of coordinated development of land and sea. Zhejiang and Fujian and Hebei are classified as land-based efficiency-driven (Except Hebei), Jiangsu, Guangxi and Hainan belong to the marine efficiency-driven type, while Shanghai and Guangdong belong to the land-sea efficiency complex type. The main reasons for the regional differences are the industrial structure difference, the threshold of marine industry technology, the marine resources carrying Force and government policy.