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长期以来,银行以国家、政府信用作为强大后盾,银行破产在中国几乎是天方夜谭。存款人认为把钱存到银行没有任何风险,因为银行是国家的,银行贷款的主要对象是国有企业,即使企业最后不能还清贷款造成坏账,国家也会站出来赔付存款人的损失。随着金融体制改革的深入,特别是2006年起银行业进行大规模改制,我国各商业银行已进行了股份制改革,已经作为市场经济的一份子参与市场竞争。近年来,外国银行逐渐入驻中国,国有商业银行面临的市场竞争压力也越来越大。这就导致一些经营不善的银行不得不退出市场。在这种情况下,要维持金融体系持续、稳定发展,务必建立存款保险制度。
For a long time, the bank backed by state and government credit, bank bankruptcy in China is almost fantasy. Depositors think there is no risk in depositing money in banks because banks are state-owned. The main target of bank loans is state-owned enterprises. Even if the enterprises ultimately fail to pay off the loans and cause bad debts, the state will also stand up and pay the depositors’ losses. With the deepening of the reform of the financial system, especially since 2006, the large-scale restructuring of the banking sector has taken place. As a part of the market economy, all commercial banks in China have taken part in the market competition. In recent years, foreign banks gradually settled in China and the pressure of market competition faced by state-owned commercial banks is also growing. This has resulted in some poorly managed banks having to withdraw from the market. Under such circumstances, it is imperative to establish a deposit insurance system to maintain the sustained and steady development of the financial system.