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肾上腺的解剖学径路肾上腺被第9、10、11肋围在横膈下方,可以把它说成是胸廊内,胸腔外的脏器。其前方因有肝脏、横结肠、胃、脾脏造成经腹式径路的障碍,需要避开这些脏器斜行向上才能到达肾上腺。由于肾和肋弓的存在,经腰径路也要避开肾脏斜行向上进入。无论是经腹还是经腰,操作时都不得不用拉钩拉开这些障碍物来显露患侧肾上腺。若经胸径路打开横膈,左肾上腺位于左肾上极内侧,左肾蒂上方,所以可直达左肾上腺。但由于脾脏也在横膈下面,必须注意从创口所看到的横膈的标志。右肾上腺位于肝下面,肝脏在侧腹面呈舌状下垂,走到背
Adrenal Anatomical Pathways The adrenal gland is surrounded by the 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs below the diaphragm, which can be described as an organ outside the chest and outside the chest. In front of the liver, transverse colon, stomach, spleen caused by abdominal pathological obstacles, need to avoid these organs ramp up to reach the adrenal gland. Due to the presence of kidney and rib bow, the waist path must also avoid the oblique line of the kidney to enter upward. Whether abdomen or by the waist, the operation had to pull these obstacles with the hook to expose the ipsilateral adrenal. If the diaphragmatic tract is opened by transthoracic path, the left adrenal gland is located on the medial pole of the left kidney and the left kidney pedicle, so it can reach the left adrenal gland directly. However, since the spleen is also under the diaphragm, attention must be paid to the sign of the diaphragm seen from the wound. The right adrenal is located below the liver, the liver is flaccid in the ventral aspect and goes back