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与马克思区分直接现实、抽象的本质现实、具体的本质现实不同,卢卡奇强调直接现实与真正本质现实的截然二分。主客对立论,主体屈从于物化体系,是卢卡奇物化论的基本框架。通过辩证方法构筑一个超越性的意识主体,是克服物化现实的关键所在。卢卡奇物化论的亮点在于物化现实是失去崇高性的存在物组成的物体系;是被分割的、失去总体性的存在,在思想方法上对应着实证思维和方法论个人主义。对物化现实的激进批判和深重忧虑反映了卢卡奇深受俄国虚无主义思潮的影响。
Unlike Marx’s distinction between direct reality, abstract essence and reality, the specific nature of reality is different. Lukács emphasizes the direct dichotomy between direct reality and real essential reality. Opposition between subject and object, subject subjection to materialized system, is the basic framework of Lukacs materialization theory. Building a transcendental subject of consciousness through dialectical methods is the key to overcoming the reality of materialization. The highlight of Lukacs’s theory of materialization lies in the fact that the materialized reality is an object system consisting of existential objects that lose its loftyness. It is segmented and loses its totality, and correspondingly possesses positive thinking and methodological individualism in its method of thinking. Radical criticism and deep concern about the reality of materialization reflect that Lukacs was deeply influenced by the thought of nihilism in Russia.