上呼吸道粘膜的炎症介质种类繁多,功能复杂,在各种上呼吸道疾病的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用。充分地了解这些介质可为解释症状和指导临床治疗提供重要的依据。本文就目前认为比较重要的几种上呼吸道粘膜炎症介质简要地综述如下。 1 组胺 组胺来自肥大细胞和嗜碱细胞,常因二者受刺激后脱颗粒产生。鼻粘膜的感觉神经分布于上皮层下,具有组胺受体。在切断一侧含分泌纤维的翼管神经后,切断侧因组胺刺激引起的鼻分泌物增加被完全抑制,未切断侧基本上未受影响。所以认为,鼻 Upper respiratory tract mucosa of a wide range of inflammatory mediators, complex functions, in a variety of upper respiratory tract diseases, the development process plays an important role. A full understanding of these mediators can provide an important basis for interpreting the symptoms and guiding the clinical treatment. This article is currently considered more important several kinds of upper respiratory mucosal inflammatory mediators briefly summarized as follows. Histamine histamine from mast cells and basophils, often due to the two stimulated degranulation. The sensory nerves of the nasal mucosa are distributed under the epithelium and have histamine receptors. After severing the nerve fibers containing the secretory fibers on one side, the increased secretion of nasal secretions on the cut side due to histamine stimulation was completely suppressed, leaving the uncut side substantially unaffected. So think, nose