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天命观念是上古思想史研究当中一个关键点。它是上古社会时期统治者对王朝更替提供合法性解释的通语。天命观念的正式提出始于西周,西周的天命观念主导内涵由宗教神秘性向人文理性延伸过渡。本文认为西周天命观念形成的缘起主要取决于两点:其一,现实政统的合法性阐释需要,其二天命观念对“德”观念的融摄,使之更具理性色彩,并由此衍生出对政统的道义上的正当性说明。
The concept of destiny is one of the key points in the study of the history of ancient thoughts. It is the ruler of the ancient society to provide the legitimacy of the dynastic replacement of language. The formal proposal of the concept of destiny began in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The dominant connotation of the concept of destiny in the Western Zhou Dynasty was the transition from religious mystery to humanistic reason. This paper argues that the origin of the concept of heavenly destiny in Western Zhou Dynasty mainly depends on two points. First, the legitimacy of the realistic political system needs to be explained. The second concept of life requires the fusion of the concept of “morality” to make it more rational. This derives a moral justification of the political system.