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本文阐述了生产稀土金属的一些主要方法,包括用氯化物电解法制取铈、镧以及混合稀土,用氧化物电解法制取钕及其合金,用钙热还原法工业规模生产钕,用扩散还原法制备SmCc_5粉末,以及用其还原法制备稀土金属粉末。现已研制出一种新的熔融盐提炼法——“NEOCHEM”法,这种方法是在有CaCl_2存在的条件下,用钠来还原Nd_2O_3以制取钕及其合金,其反应式如下: Nd_2O_3+3CaCl_2+6Na→2Nd+3CaO+6NaCl。与现有的方法相比,本文所推荐的方法对于降低钕的成本是大有可为的。
This paper describes some of the major methods of producing rare earth metals, including the preparation of cerium, lanthanum and mixed rare earths by chloride electrolysis, the production of neodymium and its alloys by oxide electrolysis, the industrial scale production of neodymium by calcium thermal reduction, The SmCc_5 powder is prepared, and the rare earth metal powder is prepared by the reduction method. Now a new molten salt extraction method has been developed - “NEOCHEM” method, this method is in the presence of CaCl 2, with sodium to restore Nd_2O_3 to obtain neodymium and its alloys, the reaction is as follows: Nd_2O_3 + 3CaCl_2 + 6Na → 2Nd + 3CaO + 6NaCl. Compared with the existing method, the method recommended herein is very promising for reducing the cost of neodymium.