目的　建立携带人HLA-Ⅱ类基因DRα、DRB10401 转基因鼠模型。方法　利用受精卵原核的显微注射技术,将HLA-DRα、DRB10401 两种基因显微注射至C57BL/6×DBA/1 杂交小鼠受精卵中,并移植到假孕受体鼠的输卵管内,然后应用PCR、Southern 印迹杂交和Northern 杂交方法分析子代鼠中基因的整合及表达情况。结果　实验先后有5 只Found 鼠,稳定遗传5 代。经PCR检测有95 只鼠HLA-DR阳性,Southern 印迹杂交出68 只整合含有DRα、DRB10401 混合型的转基因小鼠。经Northern 杂交和RT-PCR检测,其HLA-DR 基因在脾脏和肾脏中均有表达。结论　携带人HLA-Ⅱ类DRα、DRB1401基因的转基因鼠动物模型构建成功 OBJECTIVE: To establish a mouse model of DRα, DRB1 * 0401 transgenic mice carrying human HLA-Ⅱ gene. Methods The micro-injection technology of prokaryotic ovarian micro-injection of HLA-DRα and DRB1 * 0401 genes into the fertilized eggs of C57BL / 6 × DBA / 1 hybrid mice was performed and transplanted into the fallopian tubes , And then analyze the integration and expression of the genes in the offspring mice by PCR, Southern blotting and Northern hybridization. Results The experiment has 5 Found mice, stable genetic 5 generation. Ninety-five mice were positive for HLA-DR by PCR. Sixty-eight transgenic mice that contained a mixture of DRα and DRB1 * 0401 were hybridized by Southern blotting. The results of Northern blot and RT-PCR showed that HLA-DR gene was expressed in spleen and kidney. Conclusion The animal model of transgenic mice carrying human HLA-Ⅱ DRα and DRB1 * 401 genes was successfully constructed