一、前言 诚如工业化取代了农业文明而成为经济发展的主要方式一样,工业化也正被信息化所取代。信息化的到来使企业面临环境(顾客导向、竞争加剧、变化迅速)巨变,挑战激增:世界市场更趋于一体化,国家对企业的保护将越来越弱,市场竞争空前激烈;卖方市场的结束,买方市场的兴起,使用户对产品与服务的需要更加多样化、个性化,对质量与交货期的要求越来越苛刻;产品生命周期变短,更新换代频率加快。小企业气喘吁吁、病体恹恹,中大型企业也都已走到了转型、多角化的十字路口。二战以后出现的很多企业管理理论和方法,如目标管理(MBO)、Z理论、全面质量管理(TQM)、事业重组(RESTRUCTING)等在全新的经营环境中都有些不合时宜,无法给企业带来实质性 I. INTRODUCTION Just as industrialization took the place of agricultural civilization and became the main mode of economic development, industrialization was also being replaced by informationization. With the advent of informationization, enterprises are facing great changes in the environment (customer orientation, intensified competition and rapid change) and the challenges are surging: the world market tends to be more integrated, the protection of enterprises by the state will be weaker and weaker, and the market competition is unprecedentedly fierce; the market of seller End, the rise of the buyer's market, enabling users to diversify the product and service needs, personalized, more stringent on the quality and delivery requirements; shorter product life cycle, faster replacement. Small businesses are out of breath and ill, and large and medium-sized enterprises have also reached the crossroads of transformation and diversification. Many business management theories and methods emerged after World War II such as MBO, Z theory, Total Quality Management (TQM), and RESTRUCTING are somewhat out of date in the new business environment, and can not bring the essence to the enterprise Sex