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[摘要] 目的 探讨黄芩苦参合剂雾化吸入对化疗后下呼吸道院内感染患者并发侵袭性肺部真菌感染的预防作用。方法 选择60例肿瘤化疗后下呼吸道院内感染老年患者,随机分为对照组及治疗组,每组30例,所有患者均依据药敏结果抗感染治疗,治疗组患者另给予黄芩苦参合剂雾化吸入每日2次,2周后比较两组患者临床治疗效果,观察两组肺部真菌感染发生率及发生时间,比较两组患者治疗前后血气分析情况。 结果 治疗组临床有效率86.67%,对照组临床有效率70.00%,治疗组临床有效率高于对照组;治疗组肺部真菌感染率6.67%,对照组肺部真菌感染率23.33%,治疗组真菌感染率低于对照组;治疗组真菌感染时间(11.58±1.3)d,对照组真菌感染时间(9.41±1.10)d,治疗组真菌感染时间迟于对照组;两组患者治疗前血气分析pH、SaO2、PaCO2、PaO2水平无显著差异,治疗2周后治疗组pH、SaO2、PaO2水平高于对照组,PaCO2水平低于对照组。 结论 黄芩苦参合剂雾化吸入能够改善化疗后下呼吸道院感老年患者的临床疗效,改善呼吸功能,预防继发侵袭性肺部真菌感染,具有较好的临床效果。
[关键词] 真菌感染;呼吸道感染;黄芩苦参合剂;院内感染;老年人
[中图分类号] R272 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)12-0102-04
Clinical study of atomization inhalation with mixture of baikal skullcap root and lightyellow sophora root for proventing invasive fungal infections on lower respiratory tract infection after chemotherapy
FANG Qun1 GAO Xiangfu2 MAO Xianghong3 LOU Liming4 ZHANG Lingling1 CHEN Fulan4 LIN Min5 CHEN Xiaoming6
1.Department of Hospital Infection Branch, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;2.Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;3.Depatrment of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;4.Department of Respiration, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;5.Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;6.Department of Equipment, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China
[Abstratct] Objective To investigate the preventive effect of atomization inhalation with mixture of baikal skullcap root and light yellow sophora root for proventing invasive fungal infection on lower respiratory tract infection after chemotherapy. Methods A total of 60 cases of patients with lower respiratory tract infections after chemotherapy were selected and randomized into control groups and treatment groups, there were 30 cases in every group, anti-infection was taken in two groups according to drug sensitivity test, atomamdation inhalation with mixture of baikal skullcap root and light yellow sophora root was taken in treatment groups in addition, clinical effect was contrasted, incidence rate and time of fungal infection were contrasted between control group and treatment group,and index of blood gas analysis was contrasted between control group and treatment group after two weeks. Results Clinical efficiency was 86.67% in treatment group and was 70.00% in control group,clinical efficiency was higher in treatment groups than in control group,incidence rate of fungal infection was 6.67% in treatment group and was 23.33% in control group,incidence rate of fungal infection was lower in treatment group than in control goup,time of fungal infection was (11.58±1.31)days in treatment group and was(9.41±1.10)days in control group,time of fungal infect was later in treatment group than that in control group. There were no significant differences of the levels of pH,SaO2,PaCO2 and PaO2 between the two groups before treatment, the levels of pH,SaO2,and PaO2 were higher and PaCO2 was lower in treatment group than that in control goup after treatment. Conclusion Atomization inhalation with mixture of baikal skullcap root and light yellow sophora root could improve clinical curative effect of lower respiratory tract infection after chemotherapy,and improve respiratory function,provent invasive fungal infections and has good clinical effect. [Keywords] Fungal infections;Respiratory tract infection;Radix scutellariae radix sophorae flavescentis mixture;Nosocomial infection;Elder
下呼吸道是老年人危重患者院内感染的最常见部位,由于老年人危重患者多伴有免疫力低下,甚至合并免疫抑制,加之院内感染耐药菌株增多,合并肺部院内感染后往往治疗效果较差,需长疗程甚至联合使用抗菌药,患者治疗期间并发真菌感染的风险较大,老年人心肺储备功能降低,一旦下呼吸道发生真菌感染,容易引发心肺功能衰竭、肺性脑病、痰栓窒息等严重并发症,甚至危及生命[1]。近年来真菌感染的预防与控制在老年危重患者的治疗中日益受到重视,本文就黄芩苦参合剂雾化吸入对下呼吸道院内感染患者并发真菌感染的预防作用进行研究。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2013年7月~2014年4月我院重症医学科收治的60例院内下呼吸道院内感染患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组及治疗组。对照组30例,年龄63~82岁,平均(71.52±6.14)岁,男12例,女18例,原发病腹部肿瘤术后化疗17例,乳腺肿瘤术后化疗13例;治疗组30例,年龄62~79岁,平均(72.19±6.84)岁,其中腹部化疗16例,乳腺肿瘤化疗14例。两组的年龄、性别、原发疾病、感染菌株及耐药情况等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性;两组患者或监护人均对治疗内容知情同意,研究内容经本院伦理委员会批准,符合伦理学要求。
1.2 纳入标准与排除标准
1.2.1 纳入标准 ①符合卫生部2001 年颁布的《医院感染诊断标准》(试行)的下呼吸道感染诊断标准[2]。②年龄≥60岁;③患者住院期间首次发生下呼吸道感染;④近三个月内无肺部真菌感染病史;⑤自愿接受治疗且填写《知情同意书》。
1.2.2 排除标准 ①下呼吸道感染患者痰(或咽拭子)培养确诊真菌感染;②合并重大脏器功能衰竭者;③合并急性呼吸功能衰竭或呼吸机支持通气,不能接受雾化吸入治疗者。④研究期间随访失访者;⑤合并其他药物雾化吸入者。
1.3 治疗方法
两组患者均积极治疗原发病,给予三代头孢菌素类药物抗感染治疗,采集患者痰液标本进行菌培养及药敏实验,依据患者痰液菌培养药敏情况选用更换敏感抗菌药,症状消失后连续3次痰培养阴性停用抗菌药,依据患者肺部功能情况给予化痰、平喘药物,给予必要的营养支持,对照组另给予黄芩苦参合剂雾化吸入治疗,选用黄芪、苦参各15 g,采用500 mL水煎至50 mL(由华东医药股份有限公司药材参茸分公司煎制),过滤去渣后晾凉,取10 mL加入雾化器(杭州京冷医疗器械有限公司)6 L/min流量氧气驱动雾化吸入15 min,每日2次,操作时如病情允许协助患者取坐位或半卧位,雾化前行肺部叩打,鼓励患者将痰液尽量咳出。指导患者雾化时进行慢而深的吸气,吸气末,稍停片刻再行呼气,使药物充分弥散至终末支气管,7 d为一个疗程,连续治疗两个疗程后评价效果。
1.4 观察指标
治疗前及治疗2周后检测两组患者动脉血气分析,治疗2周后,评估两组患者下呼吸道感染治疗效果,评价两组患者呼吸道真菌感染发生率及发生时间。
1.5 疗效判定
肺部感染临床具体标准如下[3]:①痊愈:临床症状体征消失,未发生真菌感染。②好转:症状体征改善,未发生真菌感染。③未愈:症状体征无变化,或出现呼吸系统真菌感染,病情恶化。有效率=(痊愈例数 好转例数)/总例数×100%。患者治疗1周后或2周后以及治疗后临床症状无改善者进行痰液、咽拭子、支气管镜镜检或穿刺病理进行真菌培养,培养阳性者判定为真菌感染。
1.6 统计学方法
采用SPSS11.5统计学软件进行分析,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者临床疗效比较
治疗2周后,对照组临床有效率为70.00%,治疗组临床有效率为86.67%,治疗组临床有效率高于对照组。见表1。
表1 两组患者临床疗效比较
2.2 两组患者真菌感染情况比较
治疗2周后,对照组肺部真菌感染率为23.33%,治疗组为6.67%,治疗组肺部真菌感染率低于对照组。对照组肺部真菌感染发生时间为(9.41±1.10)d,治疗组为(11.58±1.31)d,治疗组肺部真菌感染发生时间迟于对照组。见表2。
表2 两组患者肺部真菌感染情况比较
2.3两组患者动脉血气分析情况比较
两组患者治疗前pH、SaO2、PaCO2、PaO2水平无显著差异,治疗2周后治疗组pH、SaO2、PaO2水平高于对照组,PaCO2水平低于对照组。见表3。
3 讨论
由于近年来免疫抑制剂、细胞毒药物的广泛应用、有创性诊治措施增多以及深静脉导管在临床广泛应用等因素,院内感染仍是影响老年危重患者预后的因素之一。老年危重患者下呼吸道感染是常见的院内感染类型,由于近年来广谱抗菌药在临床的广泛应用,临床的耐药菌株不断增加,甚至部分人体常驻菌群也表现出多重耐药[4],院内感染往往以多重耐药菌株为主,临床治疗效果差,治疗周期长,加之老年危重患者多合并免疫力低下、营养障碍或心肺功能障碍,下呼吸道院内感染后并发真菌感染的风险加大。而且部分老年呼吸道感染患者需要呼吸支持,研究结果证实[6],长期使用呼吸机支持的患者,其发生肺部真菌感染的风险增加。近年来的研究结果也显示[5],老年人下呼吸道感染并发真菌感染的病例并不少见,而且肺部的真菌感染居于老年人深部真菌感染的首位。本文的研究结果也证实,在对照组中,肺部院内感染的老年患者并发侵袭性真菌感染的发病率达到23.33%,具有较高的发病率,提示对老年肺部院内感染患者,要警惕并发真菌感染。
[关键词] 真菌感染;呼吸道感染;黄芩苦参合剂;院内感染;老年人
[中图分类号] R272 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)12-0102-04
Clinical study of atomization inhalation with mixture of baikal skullcap root and lightyellow sophora root for proventing invasive fungal infections on lower respiratory tract infection after chemotherapy
FANG Qun1 GAO Xiangfu2 MAO Xianghong3 LOU Liming4 ZHANG Lingling1 CHEN Fulan4 LIN Min5 CHEN Xiaoming6
1.Department of Hospital Infection Branch, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;2.Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;3.Depatrment of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;4.Department of Respiration, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;5.Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China;6.Department of Equipment, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of TCM, Hangzhou 310005,China
[Abstratct] Objective To investigate the preventive effect of atomization inhalation with mixture of baikal skullcap root and light yellow sophora root for proventing invasive fungal infection on lower respiratory tract infection after chemotherapy. Methods A total of 60 cases of patients with lower respiratory tract infections after chemotherapy were selected and randomized into control groups and treatment groups, there were 30 cases in every group, anti-infection was taken in two groups according to drug sensitivity test, atomamdation inhalation with mixture of baikal skullcap root and light yellow sophora root was taken in treatment groups in addition, clinical effect was contrasted, incidence rate and time of fungal infection were contrasted between control group and treatment group,and index of blood gas analysis was contrasted between control group and treatment group after two weeks. Results Clinical efficiency was 86.67% in treatment group and was 70.00% in control group,clinical efficiency was higher in treatment groups than in control group,incidence rate of fungal infection was 6.67% in treatment group and was 23.33% in control group,incidence rate of fungal infection was lower in treatment group than in control goup,time of fungal infection was (11.58±1.31)days in treatment group and was(9.41±1.10)days in control group,time of fungal infect was later in treatment group than that in control group. There were no significant differences of the levels of pH,SaO2,PaCO2 and PaO2 between the two groups before treatment, the levels of pH,SaO2,and PaO2 were higher and PaCO2 was lower in treatment group than that in control goup after treatment. Conclusion Atomization inhalation with mixture of baikal skullcap root and light yellow sophora root could improve clinical curative effect of lower respiratory tract infection after chemotherapy,and improve respiratory function,provent invasive fungal infections and has good clinical effect. [Keywords] Fungal infections;Respiratory tract infection;Radix scutellariae radix sophorae flavescentis mixture;Nosocomial infection;Elder
下呼吸道是老年人危重患者院内感染的最常见部位,由于老年人危重患者多伴有免疫力低下,甚至合并免疫抑制,加之院内感染耐药菌株增多,合并肺部院内感染后往往治疗效果较差,需长疗程甚至联合使用抗菌药,患者治疗期间并发真菌感染的风险较大,老年人心肺储备功能降低,一旦下呼吸道发生真菌感染,容易引发心肺功能衰竭、肺性脑病、痰栓窒息等严重并发症,甚至危及生命[1]。近年来真菌感染的预防与控制在老年危重患者的治疗中日益受到重视,本文就黄芩苦参合剂雾化吸入对下呼吸道院内感染患者并发真菌感染的预防作用进行研究。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2013年7月~2014年4月我院重症医学科收治的60例院内下呼吸道院内感染患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组及治疗组。对照组30例,年龄63~82岁,平均(71.52±6.14)岁,男12例,女18例,原发病腹部肿瘤术后化疗17例,乳腺肿瘤术后化疗13例;治疗组30例,年龄62~79岁,平均(72.19±6.84)岁,其中腹部化疗16例,乳腺肿瘤化疗14例。两组的年龄、性别、原发疾病、感染菌株及耐药情况等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性;两组患者或监护人均对治疗内容知情同意,研究内容经本院伦理委员会批准,符合伦理学要求。
1.2 纳入标准与排除标准
1.2.1 纳入标准 ①符合卫生部2001 年颁布的《医院感染诊断标准》(试行)的下呼吸道感染诊断标准[2]。②年龄≥60岁;③患者住院期间首次发生下呼吸道感染;④近三个月内无肺部真菌感染病史;⑤自愿接受治疗且填写《知情同意书》。
1.2.2 排除标准 ①下呼吸道感染患者痰(或咽拭子)培养确诊真菌感染;②合并重大脏器功能衰竭者;③合并急性呼吸功能衰竭或呼吸机支持通气,不能接受雾化吸入治疗者。④研究期间随访失访者;⑤合并其他药物雾化吸入者。
1.3 治疗方法
两组患者均积极治疗原发病,给予三代头孢菌素类药物抗感染治疗,采集患者痰液标本进行菌培养及药敏实验,依据患者痰液菌培养药敏情况选用更换敏感抗菌药,症状消失后连续3次痰培养阴性停用抗菌药,依据患者肺部功能情况给予化痰、平喘药物,给予必要的营养支持,对照组另给予黄芩苦参合剂雾化吸入治疗,选用黄芪、苦参各15 g,采用500 mL水煎至50 mL(由华东医药股份有限公司药材参茸分公司煎制),过滤去渣后晾凉,取10 mL加入雾化器(杭州京冷医疗器械有限公司)6 L/min流量氧气驱动雾化吸入15 min,每日2次,操作时如病情允许协助患者取坐位或半卧位,雾化前行肺部叩打,鼓励患者将痰液尽量咳出。指导患者雾化时进行慢而深的吸气,吸气末,稍停片刻再行呼气,使药物充分弥散至终末支气管,7 d为一个疗程,连续治疗两个疗程后评价效果。
1.4 观察指标
治疗前及治疗2周后检测两组患者动脉血气分析,治疗2周后,评估两组患者下呼吸道感染治疗效果,评价两组患者呼吸道真菌感染发生率及发生时间。
1.5 疗效判定
肺部感染临床具体标准如下[3]:①痊愈:临床症状体征消失,未发生真菌感染。②好转:症状体征改善,未发生真菌感染。③未愈:症状体征无变化,或出现呼吸系统真菌感染,病情恶化。有效率=(痊愈例数 好转例数)/总例数×100%。患者治疗1周后或2周后以及治疗后临床症状无改善者进行痰液、咽拭子、支气管镜镜检或穿刺病理进行真菌培养,培养阳性者判定为真菌感染。
1.6 统计学方法
采用SPSS11.5统计学软件进行分析,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者临床疗效比较
治疗2周后,对照组临床有效率为70.00%,治疗组临床有效率为86.67%,治疗组临床有效率高于对照组。见表1。
表1 两组患者临床疗效比较
2.2 两组患者真菌感染情况比较
治疗2周后,对照组肺部真菌感染率为23.33%,治疗组为6.67%,治疗组肺部真菌感染率低于对照组。对照组肺部真菌感染发生时间为(9.41±1.10)d,治疗组为(11.58±1.31)d,治疗组肺部真菌感染发生时间迟于对照组。见表2。
表2 两组患者肺部真菌感染情况比较
2.3两组患者动脉血气分析情况比较
两组患者治疗前pH、SaO2、PaCO2、PaO2水平无显著差异,治疗2周后治疗组pH、SaO2、PaO2水平高于对照组,PaCO2水平低于对照组。见表3。
3 讨论
由于近年来免疫抑制剂、细胞毒药物的广泛应用、有创性诊治措施增多以及深静脉导管在临床广泛应用等因素,院内感染仍是影响老年危重患者预后的因素之一。老年危重患者下呼吸道感染是常见的院内感染类型,由于近年来广谱抗菌药在临床的广泛应用,临床的耐药菌株不断增加,甚至部分人体常驻菌群也表现出多重耐药[4],院内感染往往以多重耐药菌株为主,临床治疗效果差,治疗周期长,加之老年危重患者多合并免疫力低下、营养障碍或心肺功能障碍,下呼吸道院内感染后并发真菌感染的风险加大。而且部分老年呼吸道感染患者需要呼吸支持,研究结果证实[6],长期使用呼吸机支持的患者,其发生肺部真菌感染的风险增加。近年来的研究结果也显示[5],老年人下呼吸道感染并发真菌感染的病例并不少见,而且肺部的真菌感染居于老年人深部真菌感染的首位。本文的研究结果也证实,在对照组中,肺部院内感染的老年患者并发侵袭性真菌感染的发病率达到23.33%,具有较高的发病率,提示对老年肺部院内感染患者,要警惕并发真菌感染。