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有性杂交创造水稻新品种,首先要解决的问题是选择理想亲本配制组合,才有希望在分离的世代中选到优良单株,进行定向培育,选出优良品种。以往,育种家在近缘杂交中,对于亲本的选择和杂交后代的鉴定,一般都以直观外部性状为根据。这种方法曾创造一些优良品种,也积累了丰富经验。随着分子生物学的发展,人们开始利用同工酶谱的变化来研究鉴别作物品种的地理分布,种群的分类,以及品种外部形态上难以鉴别的遗传变异等。
Sexual hybrids to create new varieties of rice, the first problem to be solved is to choose the ideal combination of parental preparation, only hope that in the separation of the selected fine single plant, directional cultivation, selection of fine varieties. In the past, breeding breeders in the crossbreed, the choice of parents and cross-offspring identification are generally based on intuitive external traits. This method has created some good varieties, but also accumulated rich experience. With the development of molecular biology, people began to use the changes of isozymes to study the identification of the geographical distribution of crop varieties, population classification, as well as the external morphology of varieties is difficult to identify the genetic variation.