目的　本研究旨在通过对湖北省应城和云梦两县预防接种安全注射开展情况和影响因素进行调查研究，为推动我国农村地区预防接种安全注射的实施提供经验。方法　应用定性和定量相结合的研究方法，对管理者、服务提供者和被服务对象进行调查。结果　发现两县不安全注射率为８８ ．１ ％ ，在不安全注射中，单纯消毒不正确占１７％ ，单纯注射不正确占４０ ％ ，两者都不正确占４３ ％ 。结论　影响预防接种不安全注射的因素是多方面的，接种器材的不足是客观影响预防接种安全注射实施的重要条件，但不是决定因素，卫生人员安全注射知识和技能的贫乏和卫生管理的薄弱以及群众自我保护意识较弱是重要的影响因素 Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation and influencing factors of safe vaccination of vaccination in Yingcheng and Yunmeng Counties in Hubei Province and provide experience for promoting the safe vaccination in rural areas in our country. Methods Using qualitative and quantitative research methods, managers, service providers and clients are investigated. The results found that the two counties insecure injection rate of 88. 1%, in the unsafe injection, disinfection is not correct accounted for 17%, simple injection incorrect 40%, both incorrect 43%. Conclusions There are many factors influencing the vaccination unsafe inoculation. The lack of inoculation equipment is an important condition that objectively affects the safe vaccination of vaccination. However, it is not the decisive factor. The lack of knowledge and skills of safety injection for health workers and the weakness of hygienic management. Weak awareness of mass self-protection is an important factor