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铁道车辆使用塑料是从1952年开始的。在电动车车顶的外面,为了绝缘,第一次使用了聚氯乙烯车顶布。当时,还使用了酚醛树脂(绝缘体、胶合板的粘合剂)、苯二甲酸树脂(漆膜)和尿素树脂(车内的衣帽钩)等。以后,随着日本石油化工技术的发展,塑料在铁道车辆上的应用也日益广泛。本文根据日本国营铁路标准(JRS),介绍几种主要塑料零件的性能标准、试验方法以及组成材料,以供参考。“难燃性”是对各种塑料零件的共同要求,拟在本文最后介绍。 1.聚氯乙烯绝缘车顶布
The use of plastic for railroad cars started in 1952. Outside the roof of the electric car, for the first time using PVC roof cloth. At the time, phenolic resin (insulator, plywood adhesive), phthalic resin (paint film) and urea resin (coat hook in the car) were also used. Later, with the development of Japan’s petrochemical technology, the application of plastic in railway vehicles is also increasingly widespread. Based on the Japan State Railway Standards (JRS), this paper introduces the performance standards, test methods and components of several major plastic parts for reference. “Flame retardancy” is a common requirement for various plastic parts and is intended to be introduced at the end of this article. 1. PVC insulated roof cloth