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近代材料和机械工业的发展,对高速钢切削刀具提出了高硬度、强韧性、耐磨、易磨削及高红硬性等要求,但由于熔铸本身造成的碳化物粗大偏析难以克服,因而没有充分发挥合金成份的应有作用和显示材料的应有性能。于是,六十年代末产生了粉末冶金法生产无偏析高速钢的新工艺,七十年代初瑞典的ASEA-STORA和美国的CRUCIBLE公司用热等静压法正式生产粉末高速钢,年产量分别为3000吨和1200吨。在制造工艺上又陆续出现了热挤压、粉末锻造和直接烧结致密法等。据初步估计,目前国外研究和生产粉末高速钢的单位不少于14个国家74个公司。我国七十年代初也开始研究粉末高速钢,但基点是建立在高速钢切屑的利用上。哈一工、哈二工及上工厂均有少量生产,但质量仅能与铸锻钢相比。北京钢铁研究总院用氮气雾化制粉和热挤压成材研制了含钴的T15超高速钢取得一定成绩。我们于1978年开展了水雾化粉末制取无偏析高速钢的研究。继W18Cr4V1粉末高速钢(以下简称PT_1)之后又开展了新型刀具材料的研究,吸收了北京钢铁学院无钴高速钢研究经验,研制成功了W12Mo3Cr4V3N0.4超硬高速钢(以下简称PVN),分别用粉末锻造与直接烧结致密法制成切削刀具,性能优良,使用寿命为铸锻W18Cr4V1钢的2～4倍,优于含铝的5F6超硬高速钢。并有可磨削性好、成本较低的优点。
The development of modern materials and machinery industry has raised the demand for high-speed steel cutting tools with high hardness, toughness, wear resistance, easy grinding and high red hardness. However, due to the large segregation of carbide caused by the casting itself, it is not enough To play the role of the alloy composition and display the expected properties of the material. As a result, the end of the 1960s produced a powder metallurgy method of producing high-speed non-segregated high-speed steel technology, the early seventies ASEA-STORA in Sweden and the United States CRUCIBLE company formally produced hot isostatic pressing powder high-speed steel, the annual output were 3000 tons and 1200 tons. In the manufacturing process has emerged one after another hot extrusion, powder forging and direct sintering dense method. According to preliminary estimates, the current foreign research and production of high-speed steel powder unit of not less than 14 countries in 74 companies. China’s early 70s also began to study the powder high-speed steel, but the base point is based on the use of high-speed steel chip. Ha workers, Ha workers and factories have a small amount of production, but the quality can only be compared with the cast forgings. Beijing Iron and Steel Research Institute with nitrogen atomization powder and hot extruded material developed cobalt-containing T15 high speed steel to achieve some results. In 1978 we carried out the study of water-atomized powder to produce high-speed steel without segregation. Following the W18Cr4V1 powder high-speed steel (hereinafter referred to as PT_1) and then carried out a new type of tool material research, absorbing the Beijing Iron and Steel Institute of cobalt-free high-speed steel research experience, the successful development of W12Mo3Cr4V3N0.4 super-hard high-speed steel (PVN) Forging and direct sintering powder compact cutting tool made of law, excellent performance, service life of cast W12Cr4V1 steel forging 2 to 4 times, better than the 5F6 aluminum-containing high-speed hard steel. And have good grinding, low cost advantages.