目的　了解四川省凉山彝族自治州某地女性静脉吸毒人群的吸毒行为和性行为特征。方法　以社区为基础招募女性静脉吸毒人群 ,调查其人口学、共用注射器具吸毒行为和性行为情况。结果　在静脉吸毒的 6 6名女性中 ,曾经共用注射器具静脉吸毒的 39人 ( 5 9 1% ) ,19人 ( 2 8 8% )首次静脉吸毒即与他人共用注射器具。近 3个月使用别人用过的注射器具吸毒的 2 4人 ( 36 4 % ) ,近 3个月共用过非直接注射器具的 14人 ( 2 1 2 % )。近 6个月有商业性行为的 39人 ( 5 9 1% ) ,近 6个月有新性伙伴的 36人 ( 5 4 5 % ) ,近 6个月与非主要性伙伴的性交频率每周≥ 1次的 33人 ( 5 0 0 % )。近 1个月与主要和非主要性伙伴每次性交均使用安全套的分别为 9 7% ( 3/ 31)和2 8 6 % ( 10 / 35 )。结论　需加强健康教育和行为干预措施来提高女性静脉吸毒人群安全吸毒行为和性行为 Objective To understand the drug-taking behaviors and sexual behaviors of female intravenous drug users in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. METHODS: Community-based female drug users were enrolled in the study to investigate their demographics and to share the drug use and behavior of syringes. Results Among 66 intravenous drug users, 39 were intravenous drug users (591%) and 19 (28.8%) shared intravenous drug use with others. In the past 3 months, 24 people (36 4%) used other people’s used syringes and 14 people (21 2%) shared non-direct syringes in the past 3 months. 39 in the past 6 months (591%), 36 new partners (54.5%) in the past 6 months, and the frequency of sexual intercourse with non-essential partners in the past 6 months 33 persons (500%) who were ≥ 1 time. In the past month, condom use was 97% (3/31) and 286% (10/35) respectively for each sexual intercourse with major and non-essential partners. Conclusions Health education and behavioral interventions need to be strengthened to improve safe drug abuse behavior and sexual behaviors among female intravenous drug users