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1998年以来,人民银行逐步放宽了金融机构的贷款利率管制。目前,商业银行贷款利率已无上浮限制,下浮幅度不超过基准利率的0.9倍;农信社和城信社仍实行上限管理,最高上浮系数为贷款基准利率的2.3倍;民间金融部门的利率已实现了市场化,但是规定高于银行同期基准利率4倍以上部分利息不受法律保护。农村地区进一步的利率市场化改革已是渐行渐近。我们关注的问题是,农村地区近三年的贷款利率市场化实践,及其所产生的种种问题或现象,背后隐含着怎样的缘由,对于未来的农村地区利率市场化改革有哪些启示?围绕这些问题,我们邀请了中国人民银行台州市中心支行行长姚土清、中国人民银行汉中市中心支行副行长周夏沛和中国社会科学院农村发展研究所的副研究员冯兴元进行了讨论,希望能够找到一些答案。
Since 1998, the People’s Bank of China has gradually relaxed the control of lending rates of financial institutions. At present, commercial bank lending rates have no upward limit, the downward extent of not more than 0.9 times the benchmark interest rate; rural credit cooperatives and urban credit cooperatives is still capped, the maximum floating coefficient of 2.3 times the benchmark lending rate; private financial sector interest rates have Realized the market, but provides more than 4 times the benchmark interest rate over the same period the bank interest is not part of the legal protection. Further market-oriented interest rate reform in rural areas is already getting closer and closer. Our concern is: what are the underlying reasons behind the marketization of lending rates in rural areas in recent three years and the problems or phenomena that arise? What are the implications for the future marketization of interest rates in rural areas? On these issues, we invited Yao Tuqing, Governor of the Central Bank of the People’s Bank of China in Taizhou, Zhou Xiapei, Vice President of the Central Bank of the People’s Bank of China in Hanzhong, and Feng Xingyuan, an associate researcher at the Rural Development Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. We hope we can find some answers.