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在国际民事管辖中,选购法院与选择法院是两种不同的法律制度,本文拟对这两种制度及它们之间的关系略作探讨。一选购法院(forum shopping),又称挑选法院或择地行诉,它是指原告选择某一他认为可能会作出有利于他的判决或裁决的法院进行诉讼。选购法院这一现象的产生有多种原因,以下两个方面则是其主要的:1.对某一国际民商事案件,不同国家的法院都有管辖权;2.对该案件不同国家的冲突法会适用不同的准据法从而得出互相矛盾的判决结果。正是基于国际社会法律不统一的这种现实情况,原告在选定起诉法院时有了很大的回旋余地。他可以挑选一个对他有利的法院去提起诉讼(包括在诉讼程序上或判决结果上)。由于原告在有管辖权的几个法院中选择起诉法院的权利是各国立法和国际公约所赋予的,因而从表面上看,选购法院这一活动并没有违反任何一国法律的明文规定。正因如此,在早期,许多人并不认为
In the international civil jurisdiction, the choice of court and the choice of court are two different legal systems. This article intends to discuss the two systems and the relations between them. A forum shopping, also referred to as a court of choice or a court action, refers to the plaintiff’s choice of a court that he considers may be in favor of his judgment or decision. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. The following two aspects are the main ones: 1. For any international civil and commercial case, courts of different countries have jurisdiction; 2. For the cases in different countries Conflict laws apply different applicable laws to arrive at mutually conflicting judgments. It is precisely on the basis of this reality that the laws of the international community are not unified that the plaintiff has great room for maneuver in the election of the court of law. He can pick a court of lawsuit favorable to him (including in the proceedings or the outcome of the verdict). As plaintiffs choose to prosecute the courts in several jurisdictions with the right to prosecute the courts as conferred upon them by national legislation and international conventions, ostensibly the act of buying courts does not violate the express provisions of the law of any one country. Because of this, many people do not think early on