本文认为 ,从市场有效到市场失灵的整个过程 ,可以得到这样启示 :企业微观运营受机会主义行为等因素的影响 ,终将导致大量外部不经济成本的存在 ,造成社会资源的浪费。现代成本管理要求充分考虑宏观成本管理的作用 ,使企业的经营策略符合国家的宏观发展战略规划 ,有效结合微观与宏观成本管理 ,实现社会资源的帕累托最优化。 This paper argues that the whole process from market efficiency to market failure can be enlightened by the fact that the micro-operations of enterprises are affected by opportunistic behaviors and other factors and will eventually lead to the existence of a large amount of external non-economic costs, resulting in the waste of social resources. Modern cost management requires fully considering the role of macro-cost management, making the business strategy of the enterprise in line with the national macro-development strategic plan, effectively integrating the micro-and macro-cost management and achieving Pareto optimization of social resources.