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在初二物理“大气压的测定”这一节中介绍了托里拆利实验的方法和原理,学生对于实验方法容易掌握,可是对于实验原埋却难以理解,症结所在是想象力和抽象思维能力较差所致,课本的解释是:“……作用在管外水银面上的大气压就支持着管里的水银柱,可见,这个水银柱产生的压强就等于大气压.”学生一般认为大气压是向下作用在液面上的,怎么会改变方向向上支持着管里的水银柱呢?”为了解除学生的这一认知矛盾,正确的理解该实验的原理,在教学中可采用以下几种方法.
In the second “Physical Atmospheric Pressure Measurement” section of the second physics, the method and principle of the Torridec experiment were introduced. Students are easy to master experimental methods, but it is difficult to understand the original burial of the experiment. The crux lies in imagination and abstract thinking ability. The explanation for the textbook is worse: “... the atmospheric pressure acting on the mercury surface outside the tube supports the mercury column in the tube. It can be seen that the pressure generated by this mercury column is equal to atmospheric pressure.” Students generally think that atmospheric pressure is Under the liquid surface, how can we change the direction to support the mercury column in the tube?" In order to relieve students of this cognitive contradiction and to correctly understand the principles of the experiment, the following methods can be used in teaching. .