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通过大田试验,研究了黄河三角洲盐碱土地区冬小麦合适的肥料效应模型。在冬小麦生长季设置4种不同的氮磷肥用量,根据“3414”试验设计8种不同的肥效试验处理,以探讨线性加平台、一元二次、平方根和二元二次4种不同模型的拟合效果。结果显示,4种肥料效应模型的拟合结果经检验都达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。在一元肥料效应模型中,氮磷一元二次模型拟合效果最好,最高收益分别为7 448.3元·hm~(-2)和7 357.7元·hm~(-2),最佳经济氮磷用量分别为254.4 kg·hm~(-2)和98.6 kg·hm~(-2)。对比一元与二元模型,后者拟合效果较好,最佳经济氮磷用量分别为244.1 kg·hm~(-2)和94.2 kg·hm~(-2),即氮磷肥配比为2.6∶1,经济效益为7 432.4元·hm~(-2),氮肥农学利用率为6.2 kg(籽粒)·kg~(-1)(N),磷肥农学利用率为13.8 kg(籽粒)·kg~(-1)(P_2O_5)。结合拟合度、最佳经济施肥量、经济收益、肥料农学利用率和一元模型的局限性分析得出,二元二次肥料效应模型最优,可作为黄河三角洲地区盐碱土冬小麦氮磷肥效模型的最佳选择。
Through field experiments, the appropriate fertilizer effect model of winter wheat in saline-alkali soil region of the Yellow River Delta was studied. Four different nitrogen and phosphorus dosages were set in the growing season of winter wheat. According to the “3414” experiment, eight different fertilizer efficiency test treatments were designed to investigate the effects of linear plus platform, quadratic quadratic, square root and binary quadratic Fitting effect. The results showed that the fitting results of the four fertilizer effect models all reached the extremely significant level (P <0.01). In the mono-fertilizer effect model, the quadratic regression model of nitrogen and phosphorus had the best fitting results with the highest returns of 7 448.3 yuan · hm -2 and 7 357.7 yuan · hm -2, respectively, and the best economic nitrogen and phosphorus The dosage was 254.4 kg · hm -2 and 98.6 kg · hm -2, respectively. Comparing the univariate and the bivariate models, the latter has better fitting effect, and the optimal economic nitrogen and phosphorus dosages are 244.1 kg · hm -2 and 94.2 kg · hm -2, respectively, that is, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus is 2.6 : 1, the economic benefit was 7 432.4 yuan · hm -2, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was 6.2 kg (grain) · kg -1 (N), the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was 13.8 kg (grain) · kg ~ (-1) (P_2O_5). Combining the fitting degree, the optimal economic fertilizer amount, the economic benefit, the agronomic utilization rate of fertilizer and the limitations of the univariate model, it is concluded that the binary two-factor fertilizer effect model is the best and can be used as the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency model of saline-alkali soil winter wheat in the Yellow River Delta The best choice.