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目的:了解中国优秀运动员心脏瓣膜生理性返流的发生情况。方法:自2000年对10个项目398名国家队运动员进行超声心动图检查,观察瓣膜运动及血流情况,测量心脏结构指标并计算其心功能指标。结果:398名运动员中,共检出各种瓣膜生理性返流90例(22.61%),其中男运动员44例(25.58%),女运动员46例(20.35%)。以三尖瓣返流最常见,检出率为14.07%,二尖瓣返流为4.52%,肺动脉瓣返流为1.76%,未检出主动脉瓣返流。联合瓣膜返流9例(2.26%),其中二尖瓣和三尖瓣联合返流6例,三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣联合返流3例。羽毛球项目心脏瓣膜生理性返流检出率最高,其次为游泳、女子垒球、举重和乒乓球,竞走运动员检出率为0。在兼具力量性和耐力性运动特点的混合型项目运动员中,与无返流者相比,检出返流者的左室舒张末期和收缩末期的内径增加、容积增大,右室和右房横径增加,射血分数下降但仍正常,其余结构和功能指标均无显著性差异。举重运动员中检出者和未检出者未见上述心脏结构和功能指标的差异。结论:中国优秀运动员瓣膜生理性返流检出率较高,以三尖瓣返流为主,性别之间无显著性差异,项目特点不明显。
Objective: To understand the occurrence of cardiac valve regurgitation in elite Chinese athletes. Methods: From 2000 to 1998, 398 national team athletes of 10 sports teams were examined by echocardiography. The motion and blood flow of the valve were observed. The cardiac structural indexes were measured and their cardiac function indexes were calculated. Results: A total of 398 athletes were detected in 90 cases (22.61%) of all valves, including 44 male athletes (25.58%) and 46 female athletes (20.35%). To the most common tricuspid regurgitation, the detection rate was 14.07%, 4.52% mitral regurgitation, pulmonary valve regurgitation was 1.76%, did not detect aortic regurgitation. There were 9 cases (2.26%) of combined valvular regurgitation, including 6 cases of combined mitral and tricuspid regurgitation and 3 cases of tricuspid and pulmonary valve regurgitation. In the badminton program, the highest rate of cardiac valve regurgitation was found, followed by swimming, women’s softball, weight lifting and table tennis. The detection rate of walking athletes was zero. Among the mixed-race athletes who are both athletic and athletic, compared with no-regurgitant, the end-diastolic and end-diastolic diameters of the detected regurgitant increased, the volume increased, the right ventricle and the right Room diameter increased, ejection fraction decreased but still normal, the rest of the structure and function indicators were not significantly different. No difference was found in cardiac structure and function between the weight-test athletes and those not detected. Conclusion: The detection rate of valvular regurgitation in elite Chinese athletes is higher than that in other countries, with the tricuspid regurgitation as the dominant factor. There is no significant difference between the sexes and the characteristics of the project are not obvious.