Ultrasmall green-emitting carbon nanodots with 80%photoluminescence quantum yield for lysosome imagi

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Carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials have gained much attention in recent years.In this work,green-photoluminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs;also termed carbon dots,CDs) with amine termination were synthesized via the hydrothermal treatment of amine-containing spermine and rose bengal (RB)molecules.The CNDs have an ultrasmall size of ~2.2 nm and present bright photoluminescence with a high quantum yield of ~80% which is possibly attributed to the loss of halogen atoms (Cl and I) during the hydrothermal reaction.Different from most CNDs which have multicolor fluorescence emission,the as-prepared CNDs possess excitation-independent emission property,which can avoid fluorescence overlap with other fluorescent dyes.Moreover,the weakly basic amine-terminated surface endows the CNDs with the acidotropic effect.As a result,the CNDs can accumulate in the acidic lysosomes after cellular internalization and can serve as a favorable agent for lysosome imaging.Besides,the CNDs have a negligible impact on the lysosomal morphology even after 48 h incubation and exhibit excellent biocompatibility in the used cell models.
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