1972年 ,Ｋｅｒｒ首次提出“凋亡”的概念。细胞的凋亡与坏死其本质区别在于凋亡是一种主动死亡过程 ,伴随基因转录和蛋白质合成 ,特征性变化是ＤＮＡ的寡核小体间裂解 ,在凝胶电泳时呈现特征性的“ＤＮＡ梯”。细胞凋亡的形态学特点是细胞核染色质固缩 ,细胞膜发泡 ,细胞器紧 In 1972, Kerr first proposed the concept of “apoptosis.” The essential difference between apoptosis and necrosis of cells is that apoptosis is an active process of death accompanied by gene transcription and protein synthesis. The characteristic changes are the fragmentation of oligonucleosomes in DNA and characteristic DNA during gel electrophoresis ladder". Morphological features of apoptosis are nuclear chromatin condensation, cell membrane foaming, organelle tight