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腐烂病是我国苹果树上一种严重的树干皮层腐烂病害,本研究拟探索快速、可靠、稳定及操作简便的病害室内评价方法。在“富士”苹果离体叶片、嫩梢、果实和枝条上造成不同伤口,强致病菌株03-8接种,25℃保湿培养后调查发现,不接菌对照有、无伤口均不发病;各种伤口接种病原菌均能发病,但伤口类型对病害影响很大。叶片正面较反面更有利于发病,叶片正面1针和10针的刺伤发病无明显差异;嫩梢叶痕接种较刺伤接种发病轻;果实表面针刺1针和10针及去除果皮造成伤口对发病影响大,差异显著;枝条烫伤接种后10d发病明显而其它材料在接种后1.5～2d即可发病。进一步用4个致病力不同的菌株验证评价方法的可靠性和稳定性,发现接种完全展开叶、嫩梢和枝条均可以充分显示不同菌株之间的致病力差异,但前两者重复性好、试验周期短、鉴定效率高,且操作简便、材料易得,因此建议用离体叶片或嫩梢作为材料,针刺1针接种,25℃保湿培养2d后调查,作为室内准确、快速评价苹果树腐烂病的方法,该方法可用于筛选抗病材料、评价分离株的致病性和药剂的防病效果等。
Rot disease is a serious trunk cortex rot disease on apple tree in our country. This study intends to explore a rapid, reliable, stable and easy-to-operate disease indoor evaluation method. In “Fuji” apple leaves, young shoots, fruits and branches of different wounds caused by strong pathogenic strains 03-8 vaccination, 25 ℃ moist culture after the investigation found that non-inoculation control without wound All kinds of wound inoculation pathogens can attack, but the type of wounds have a great impact on the disease. The front of the leaves is more conducive to the incidence of the negative, the front of the leaves 1 and 10 needles no significant difference in the incidence of stabbing; young shoots leaves inoculation than stabbed vaccination incidence of light; fruit acupuncture needles and 10 needles and remove the skin caused by injury The incidence of significant impact, significant differences; 10d after scald wounds significant incidence of other materials inoculated 1.5 ~ 2d after onset. Four strains with different pathogenicity were further used to verify the reliability and stability of the evaluation method. It was found that the full development of leaves, shoots and shoots could fully demonstrate the pathogenicity differences among different strains, but the former two repeatability Good, short test period, high identification efficiency, and easy to operate, easy to get the material, it is proposed to use leaves or shoots off the material as a material, acupuncture 1 needle inoculation, 25 ℃ moisturizing culture 2d after investigation, as indoor accurate and rapid assessment Apple tree rot disease method, the method can be used to screen disease-resistant material, to evaluate the pathogenicity of the isolate and the preventive effect of the medicament.