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一、引言酸和硷以及酸硷反应在化学化工中常常遇到,它是化学中的一个重要部分,所以酸硷理论就成为解释化学反应的一个重要武器。系统地了解现代酸硷理论,对于在化学化工中分析有关酸硷的化学反应有很大的帮助。远在十三世纪人类就对硷与酸有了初步的认识,但到十九世纪初才逐渐建立起古典的酸硷理论。1884年在电离理论的基础上Arrhenius提出了他的酸硷理论,这就是凡在水中能中生H~+离子的化合物叫做酸;凡在水中能中生OH~-离子的氢氧化物叫做硷;H~+离子与OH~-离子迅速作用生成水的反应叫做中和。Arrhenius酸硷理论对说明水溶液的性
I. INTRODUCTION Acid and alkali and acid-base reactions are often encountered in chemical engineering. It is an important part of chemistry. Therefore, acid-base theory has become an important weapon to explain chemical reactions. Systematic understanding of the modern pH theory is of great help in analyzing chemical reactions involving pH in chemistry and chemistry. As early as the thirteenth century, humans had a basic understanding of alkaline and acid, but by the early nineteenth century, the classical theory of acid-base was gradually established. Based on the theory of ionization, Arrhenius proposed his theory of acidity in 1884, that is, any compound capable of generating H ~ + ions in water is called acid. Any hydroxide capable of generating OH ~ ions in water is called alkali ; H ~ + ions and OH ~ - ion rapid reaction to generate water called neutralization. Arrhenius pH theory explains the nature of aqueous solutions