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稻蟹综合种养是崇明地区主要的农业生产方式之一,崇明生态岛是亚太地区候鸟南北迁徙的重要停歇地,但丰富的鸟类资源也对稻蟹种养造成了一定的不利影响。本研究首先初步调查了崇明稻蟹种养区域的主要鸟类组成,比较了不同稻蟹种养模式下主要鸟害种类和发生时间,在此基础上进一步比较了两种生态防鸟方式的防鸟效果和投入产出情况。结果表明:(1)崇明稻蟹池塘的常见鸟类有13种,其中鹭类种类最多,为6种;(2)纯养蟹池塘主要危害种类为鹭类,危害时间主要为秋冬季,稻蟹共作池塘的主要危害鸟类为鹭类、麻雀和喜鹊等,麻雀和喜鹊的危害时间主要为水稻播种期、灌浆期和成熟期;(3)尼龙线防护成本较低,适合于纯养蟹池塘,该方法一次性投入为1 443元/hm2;线网防护成本较高,一次性投入高达5 096元/hm2,考虑折旧后的成本约为1 999元/hm2,该方法适合于稻蟹共生池塘,防鸟效果较好。因此,对稻蟹综合种养而言,采用线网结合的防护方式,辅以稻草人等视觉驱鸟方法,具有较好的经济效益和生态效益。
The comprehensive farming and breeding of rice, crab and crab is one of the major agricultural production methods in Chongming. Chongming Ecological Island is an important stopover for migration of migratory birds from north to south in the Asia Pacific region. However, abundant bird resources have also had some adverse impacts on the cultivation of rice and crab. In this study, we first conducted a preliminary investigation of the main bird species in Chongming rice-crab breeding areas, compared the main types of birds and their occurrence time under different rice-crab farming patterns, and further compared the two types of prevention methods Bird effect and input-output situation. The results showed as follows: (1) Thirteen species of common birds were found in the ponds of Chongming rice crab, of which six were heron species. (2) The main hazards of pure crab ponds were herons, with the main damage time being autumn and winter, Crab common ponds for the main hazards birds such as herons, sparrows and magpies, sparrows and magpies mainly harm the rice sowing time, filling and maturity; (3) lower cost of nylon line protection, suitable for pure Crab pond, the method of one-time investment of 1 443 yuan / hm2; line protection cost is high, a one-time investment up to 5 096 yuan / hm2, taking into account the cost of depreciation of about 1,999 yuan / hm2, the method is suitable for rice Crab symbiotic pond, bird control effect is better. Therefore, the integrated cultivation of rice and crabs, the use of wire and wire combination of protection methods, supplemented by scarecrow and other visual bird method, has good economic and ecological benefits.