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社会主义与公有制的关系问题,是国际共产主义运动中的基本理论问题之一。长期以来,人们并没有完整准确地理解马克思、恩格斯的有关思想,这是导致人们在社会主义实践中在所有制政策上发生“左”的或右的错误思想认识的根源。马克思、恩格斯的所有制思想包括两个基本观点:一是所有制问题是社会主义改造和建设的根本问题;二是所有制的改造步骤要与生产力的发展水平相适应。马克思主义创始人所有制改造思想所包含的两个基本观点,是完整而不可分割的。只有把两个基本观点有机统一起来,才能完整准确地坚持马克思主义的有关思想,才能在所有制政策方面避免发生“左”的或右的错误。
The issue of the relationship between socialism and public ownership is one of the basic theoretical issues in the international communist movement. For a long time, people did not completely and accurately understand Marx’s and Engels’s relevant thinking. This is the root cause of people’s “leftist” or right-wrong thinking in their socialist practice. Marx and Engels’s ownership system includes two basic ideas: First, ownership is the fundamental issue of socialist transformation and construction; second, the transformation of ownership should be compatible with the level of development of productive forces. The two basic ideas embodied in the thought of reform of the ownership of the founder of Marxism are complete and indivisible. Only by organically unifying the two basic points of view can we completely and accurately uphold the relevant Marxist ideas and avoid “leftist” or right-wrong mistakes in the ownership policy.