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1 美国环境法的特点 1.1 重点保护自然环境 美国历史很短却发展很快,在开发过程中认识到新开拓地区的自然资源逐渐受到破坏,因此美国环境法注重保护自然环境。在国家环境法中非常重视生物多样性的保护,规定在开发中须无条件保存生物多样性,并规定保护生息地。开发中还控制土地利用,如美国海岸地区土地管理法切实要求私人占地不得影响社会环境。美国风险基金法规定,对污染的土壤和事故性污染进行行政净化,并追溯到法律制定前被污染的土壤;污染者有义务支付净化费用,包括处理和恢复原状所需费用和自然资源损害赔偿费用。
1 Characteristics of the U.S. Environmental Law 1.1 Focusing on the Protection of the Natural Environment The United States has a short history but rapid development. During the development process, it recognized that the natural resources in newly exploited areas are being gradually destroyed. Therefore, the United States Environmental Law pays attention to the protection of the natural environment. In the national environmental law, great importance is given to the conservation of biological diversity, providing for the unconditional preservation of biological diversity in development and for the protection of habitat. The development also controls land use. For example, the United States Coastal Area Land Management Act requires that private land must not affect the social environment. The United States Risk Fund Act provides for the administrative decontamination of contaminated soils and accidental pollution and dates back to contaminated soils prior to the law; polluters are obliged to pay for the cost of decontamination, including the costs of dealing with and recovering from the status quo ante and damage to natural resources cost.