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雨养农业(RHA)最早是由甘肃省科学家在十几年前开发的,它是适用于半干旱地区靠雨水灌溉土地的一种水资源综合管理系统。这个系统由三个主要部分组成:雨水收集系统、节水灌溉系统和高效农作物生产系统。它的主要功能是为农民们提供一种能够在用水受限制的环境下获得满足家庭生活和农业所需要的水的途径。在甘肃省和中国西北地区的其他省份,RHA的最初设置表明RHA有能力改进靠雨水灌溉的农业系统的表现,并且能够致力于解决土壤侵蚀等一些环境问题。RHA系统规模小、成本低,很客易在农民家庭推广应用。但是,为了能够取得成功,需要把RHA系统纳入到一个综合农业管理系统之中:即RHA管理必须与其他农业技术与管理实践结合在一起运用。此外,在大范围内推广使用RHA需要考虑一系列技术、农业水文、生态、社会、文化、经济和政治因素。特别是需要向农民提供培训和技术指导,以开发和传播更为有效和廉价的RHA技术方式来更新换代并设计开发出替代性的政策工具和社会规则以便于RHA在实践中的应用。
Rain-fed agriculture (RHA), first developed by scientists from Gansu Province more than a decade ago, is an integrated water resources management system that uses rain-fed irrigated land in semi-arid areas. The system consists of three main components: a rainwater harvesting system, a water-saving irrigation system and an efficient crop production system. Its main function is to provide farmers with a way to obtain the water they need to meet family life and agriculture under water-constrained conditions. In Gansu and other provinces in northwestern China, the initial establishment of the RHA shows that RHA has the capacity to improve the performance of agricultural systems irrigated by rainwater and can address some of the environmental issues such as soil erosion. RHA system is small-scale, low cost, it is easy to promote the use of peasant families. However, in order to be successful, the RHA system needs to be integrated into an integrated agricultural management system: RHA management must be integrated with other agricultural technology and management practices. In addition, promoting the use of RHA on a large scale requires consideration of a range of technical, agro-hydrological, ecological, social, cultural, economic and political factors. In particular, there is a need to provide farmers with training and technical guidance to develop and disseminate more efficient and affordable RHA technical modalities to upgrade and design alternative policy tools and social rules to facilitate the RHA’s practical application.