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Much remains unknown about compositional variations in soluble microbial products (SMP) with the shift of the substrate condition from a feast to a famine phase in biological treatment systems.This study demonstrated that the formation of SMP could be suppressed by up to 75% during the famine phase with the addition of essential nutrients.In contrast,presence of electron acceptor did not play any significant role during the stress condition,showing the similar amounts of SMP (r =0.98,p < 0.05) formation between the bioreactors supplied with air and N2.The SMP formed in the famine phase was more biorefractory in the famine versus the feast phase with a linear correlation shown between the production and their aromatic structures in the composition (R2 > 0.95).The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) revealed the presence of four different fluorescent components,including two protein-like (C1 and C4),fulvic-like (C2),and humic-like (C3) components,in the SMP and bEPS formed at different conditions.Both C1 and C4 showed increasing trends (R2 > 0.95) with the length of starvation in the bioreactors without essential nutrients.Nutrient availability was found to be a key factor to quench the production of large-sized biopolymers.This study provides a wealth of information on operation conditions of activated sludge treatment systems to minimize large sized SMP molecules (particularly proteins),which typically exert many environmental concs to effluent organic matter quality.