目的评估2016年10月国内外突发公共卫生事件及需要关注传染病的风险。方法根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(直辖市、自治区)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估。结果根据近期传染病和突发公共卫生事件监测数据,结合既往突发公共卫生事件发生情况及传染病流行特点分析,预计10月全国总报告事件数和病例数将与9月相当。登革热仍将维持较高水平,部分南方重点省份将继续发生本地疫情。寨卡病毒病输入我国的风险加大,输入后引发本地传播的风险增加。黄热病输入风险较前期有所下降。同时,需继续关注中东地区中东呼吸综合征的疫情动态和输入风险。近期我国内地仍可能出现人感染H7N9禽流感散发病例,其他可感染人类的禽流感也可能有散发病例报告。病毒性腹泻等肠道传染病的发生风险仍较高。流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、水痘等呼吸道传染病将出现季节性升高。结论 2016年10月我国的突发公共卫生事件及传染病疫情发生态势与往年相似,将与9月相当;需关注登革热、寨卡病毒病、黄热病等媒介伊蚊传染病、以及人感染禽流感、感染性腹泻、流行性感冒等传染病疫情引发的公共卫生风险。 Objective To assess the public health emergencies at home and abroad in October 2016 and the need to pay attention to the risks of infectious diseases. Methods According to the reports of domestic and foreign public health emergencies and the monitoring of key infectious diseases, the expert consultation method was adopted to invite experts from provincial (municipalities and autonomous regions) CDC to participate in the assessment through video conferencing. Results According to the monitoring data of recent infectious diseases and public health emergencies, combined with the previous public health emergencies and the epidemiological analysis of infectious diseases, the number of national reported incidents and cases in October will be comparable with September. Dengue fever will remain at a high level and some key southern provinces will continue to have local outbreaks. The risk of Zika virus entering our country is increased, and the risk of local transmission after input is increased. The risk of imported yellow fever decreased from the previous month. In the meantime, we need to continue to pay attention to the epidemic situation and risk of the Middle East respiratory syndrome in the Middle East. Recently, there may still be cases of H7N9 bird flu in mainland China. Other cases of bird flu that may infect humans may also be reported. The incidence of infectious diseases such as viral diarrhea is still high. Epidemic influenza, mumps, chickenpox and other respiratory diseases will be seasonal increase. Conclusions The epidemic situation of public health emergencies and infectious diseases in China in October 2016 is similar to that in previous years and will be comparable with September. The epidemic situation of respiratory infections such as dengue fever, Zika virus and yellow fever should be concerned as well as human infections Bird flu, infectious diarrhea, influenza and other infectious diseases caused by public health risks.