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今年1月,世界银行以《非洲的丝绸之路：中国和印度的经济新疆界》为题发表了一份研究报告。本文截取了报告中有关中国和印度企业在非洲发展经营情况的部分。该报告认为,相比于印度企业,中国投资者在非洲是相对的新来者。非洲中资企业在业务战略上谋求加强对生产链的全程控制,企业属于独立王国类型,溢出效应较为有限。相比之下,印资企业的非洲投资战略则是更多地融入本地市场,在经营中大量采用非正式渠道,甚至融入当地政治经济的层面。该报告利用的数据来源于世行于2006年年中在加纳、塞内加尔、南非和坦桑尼亚这四个国家实地进行的一项大型的世界银行定量性问卷调查和原创的企业案例分析。问卷调查和企业案例分析的重点是中国和印度企业的非洲业务。
In January of this year, the World Bank published a study entitled “The Silk Road in Africa: Economic New Frontiers in China and India.” This paper intercepts the part of the report that deals with the development of operations of Chinese and Indian enterprises in Africa. The report argues that Chinese investors are relatively newcomers to Africa compared to Indian firms. Chinese enterprises in Africa seek to strengthen the control of the entire production chain in their business strategy. The enterprises belong to the category of independent kingdoms and the spillover effect is rather limited. In contrast, the Indian investment strategy of African companies is to integrate more into the local market, extensive use of informal channels in their operations, and even into the local political economy. The report uses data derived from a large World Bank quantitative questionnaire and original business case studies conducted by the Bank in the field in mid-2006 in Ghana, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania. The focus of the questionnaire and business case studies is on the African businesses of Chinese and Indian companies.