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花生锈病在广东省始见于1956年。1970年后迅速蔓延流行,致使花生产量遭受严重损失,轻病年损失约15%,大流行年损失为25—59%。本病原菌能侵害花生叶片、叶柄、托叶、茎、果柄及荚壳。在花生植株上只产生夏孢子,其发芽适温为24.5—28℃,致死温度为50℃,10分钟。未发现冬孢子。在24.5—26.5℃接种,潜育期为6—8天,21℃以下和29℃以上相应延长。在冬、春季室温条件下,夏孢子可贮存120—150天。强烈光照对夏孢子发芽有抑制作用。病原菌多数从寄主气孔侵入,也能通过表皮细胞间隙侵入。花生锈病的流行,与菌源、气候、品种的抗病性、栽培技术等条件关系密切,而湿度则是我省花生锈病流行的主导因素。春植花生锈病的初次侵染源来自秋植花生落粒病苗、病藤和带病荚果,而落粒病苗是主要侵染来源。鉴定了国内约1000个花生品种,未发现兔疫或高度抗锈的品种,但品种间的抗病力有明显的差异。种植抗病品种,春植花生早播,秋植花生适当迟播,发病初期每隔8—10天喷药一次,连续3—4次,有显著防效。供试药剂以“百菌清”防效最好。
Peanut rust was first seen in Guangdong Province in 1956. The spread of pandemic rapidly after 1970 resulted in serious loss of peanut production, with a loss of about 15% in the mild case and a 25-59% annual loss of the pandemic. The pathogen can damage peanut leaves, petioles, stipules, stems, stalk and pod shell. In peanut plants only produce summer spores, the optimum temperature for germination 24.5-28 ℃, lethal temperature 50 ℃, 10 minutes. No winter spores found. Inoculated at 24.5-26.5 ℃, the incubation period of 6-8 days, below 21 ℃ and 29 ℃ above the corresponding extension. In winter and spring at room temperature, the summer spores can be stored 120-150 days. Strong light on the spores germination inhibition. Most of the pathogens invade from the host stomata, but also through the epidermal cell gap invasion. The prevalence of peanut rust is closely related to the bacterial source, climate, disease resistance of varieties, cultivation techniques and other conditions, while humidity is the dominant factor in peanut rust prevalence in our province. The primary sources of rust in spring plant rust come from fall peanut seedlings, diseased vines and diseased pods, while the seedlings are the main source of infection. About 1000 peanut cultivars were identified in China, and no species of rabies or highly resistant to rust were found. However, the disease resistance of cultivars was significantly different. Planting disease-resistant varieties, early spring planting peanut, autumn planting peanut late appropriate, early onset of spraying once every 8-10 days, 3-4 times in a row, a significant control effect. Test agents to “chlorothalonil” best control effect.