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英国资产阶级法律史学家梅因曾说,“所有社会的进化过程,从来都是一个从身份到契约的运动”。在身份社会中,权利和义务的分配依据是身份,在契约社会中权利和义务则主要通过契约来设定。现代社会正处于契约社会的进化过程之中,尽管自由、平等已成为各国社会的主导观念,反特权、反歧视、强调公平成为国家立法的基本原则,但身份问题随着社会的发展还将长期存在。
Maine, a British legal historian of the bourgeoisie, once said: “The evolutionary process in all societies has always been a movement from identity to contract.” In the identity society, the distribution of rights and obligations is based on identity. In the contractual society, rights and obligations are mainly set by contract. Modern society is in the evolutionary process of contract society. Although freedom and equality have become the dominant concepts, antitrusts and anti-discrimination of all countries, and emphasize that equity has become the basic principle of national legislation, as the development of society, exist.